Samsung SONOACE R3 Instrukcja Użytkownika Pobierz pdf (Strona 40)

User Manual

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Mechanical Index (MI) Display

Mechanical bioeects are threshold phenomena that occur when a certain level of output is exceeded.

The threshold level varies, however, with the type of tissue. The potential for mechanical bioeffects

varies with peak pressure and ultrasound frequency. The MI accounts for these two factors. The higher

the MI value, the greater the likelihood of mechanical bioeects occurring but there is no specic MI

value that means that a mechanical effect will actually occur. The MI should be used as a guide for

implementing the ALARA principle.

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Thermal Index (TI) Display

The TI informs the user about the potential for temperature increase occuring at the body surface,

within body tissue, or at the point of focus of the ultrasound beam on bone. The TI is an estimate of the

temperature increase in specic body tissues. The actual amount of any temperature rise is inuenced

by factors such as tissue type, vascularity, and mode of operation etc. The TI should be used as a guide

for implementing the ALARA principle.

The bone thermal index (TIb) informs the user about potential heating at or near the focus after

the ultrasound beam has passed through soft tissue or fluid, for example, at or near second or third

trimester fetal bone.

The cranial bone thermal index (TIc) informs the user about the potential heating of bone at or near the

surface, for example, cranial bone.

The soft tissue thermal index (TIs) informs the user about the potential for heating within soft

homogeneous tissue.

You can select either TIs or TIb using the TIs/TIb selection on the Miscellaneous system setups. TIc is

displayed when you select a trans-cranial application.

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Mechanical and Thermal indices Display Precision and Accuracy

The Mechanical and Thermal Indices on the system are precise to 0.1 units.

The MI and TI display accuracy estimates for the system are given in the Acoustic Output Tables manual.

These accuracy estimates are based on the variability range of probes and systems, inherent acoustic

output modeling errors and measurement variability, as described below.

The displayed values should be interpreted as relative information to help the system operator achieve

the ALARA principle through prudent use of the system. The values should not be interpreted as actual

physical values investigated tissue or organs. The initial data that is used to support the output display is

derived from laboratory measurements based on the AIUM measurement standard. The measurements

are then put into algorithms for calculating the displayed output values.

Many of the assumptions used in the process of measurement and calculation are conservative in

nature. Over-estimation of actual in situ exposure, for the vast majority of tissue paths, is built into the

measurement and calculation process. For example:

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Samsung SONOACE R3 Instrukcja Użytkownika Strona 40